Strategy & Positioning / ICP & Segment Definition / Buying-Group Framework
ICP & SEGMENT DEFINITION · SAMPLE ARTIFACT

Mapping the People Behind the Purchase Decision

A structured view of the roles, priorities, influence patterns, objections, and information needs involved in the buying process.

The buying-group framework gives marketing, sales, revenue operations, solutions, and customer teams one shared model for understanding who owns the problem, who shapes the evaluation, who approves the investment, and who must adopt the result.

View the Sample Framework Back to ICP & Segment Definition
Deliverable
Role Map, Progression Rules & Strategy
Typical Format
10 to 16 pages

The Fairway Decision Network Model™

Map the stakeholder network and define the role each person plays across problem recognition, evaluation, and approval.

1

Problem Owner

Experiences the operational problem the solution addresses.

2

Champion

Actively supports the change and navigates the organization.

3

Economic Buyer

Controls the financial commitment and evaluates the business case.

4

Executive Sponsor

Provides organizational authority and connects to enterprise priorities.

5

Evaluators & Gatekeepers

Technical, Operational, Procurement, and Risk functions.

Why a Buying-Group Framework Matters

Without a shared buying-group model, teams often over-rely on one enthusiastic contact, discover critical stakeholders too late, and send the same message to people with very different responsibilities.

Common Symptoms Solved

  • × Opportunities depend heavily on a single primary contact
  • × Economic buyers enter the process late
  • × Technical and security requirements appear unexpectedly
  • × Marketing targets personas without understanding decision influence
  • × Opportunities advance without true cross-functional alignment
  • × Executive sponsors receive product pitches instead of a business case

Strategic Decisions Enabled

  • Which buying roles are normally required
  • Who owns the problem and who owns the budget
  • Who can accelerate or block the decision
  • What proof and content belong with each role
  • When coverage is sufficient for opportunity progression
  • Which relationship gaps require immediate attention

What Is Included

Buying Roles

Functional roles people perform, independent of job titles.

Role-to-Title Mapping

Common titles and functions associated with each role.

Priorities & Measures

Outcomes and KPIs that shape each stakeholder’s perspective.

Influence Patterns

How stakeholders shape, block, or accelerate the decision.

Information Needs

Evidence, assets, and messages required by each role.

Progression Rules

Standards to determine if coverage is sufficient to advance.

Fictional Client Example: AeroGrid Systems

View the Sample Buying-Group Framework

Explore the representative pages that map AeroGrid’s problem owners, champions, economic buyers, sponsors, evaluators, approvers, and users.

Document Structure
  • Page 01 Buying-Group Summary
  • Page 02 Role Definitions
  • Page 03 Role-to-Title Mapping
  • Page 04 Problem Owner & Champion
  • Page 05 Economic & Exec Sponsor
  • Page 06 Evaluators
  • Page 07 Procurement, Risk & Users
  • Page 08 Influence Patterns
  • Page 09 Information Needs Matrix
  • Page 10 Engagement Sequence
  • Page 11 Coverage Model
  • Page 12 Progression Rules
  • Page 13 Account Example
  • Page 14 CRM Requirements
  • Page 15 Measurement
  • Page 16 Governance
Buying-Group Strategy Document

AeroGrid Buying-Group Framework

The roles, influence patterns, priorities, and information needs behind a portfolio energy-performance decision.

Page 01

Buying-Group Summary

The Decision Network in One View

Central Problem to Solve

The retailer cannot consistently identify, prioritize, assign, and verify location-level actions that reduce avoidable energy cost.

Problem Owner

Ex: VP of Facilities
Priority: Improve performance with limited resources.

Champion

Ex: Dir of Facilities Performance
Priority: Build support & prove operational value.

Economic Buyer

Ex: CFO / Finance VP
Priority: Validate financial impact & investment.

Executive Sponsor

Ex: Chief Operating Officer
Priority: Connect initiative to margin & priorities.

Technical & Ops Evaluators

Ex: IT Director, Regional Ops
Priority: Confirm feasibility, security & workflow.

Procurement, Risk & Users

Ex: Legal, Security, Analysts
Priority: Control risk and minimize daily burden.

Minimum Opportunity Coverage Required:
  • • Confirmed problem owner
  • • Active champion
  • • Identified economic buyer
  • • Tech/Ops evaluation owners
  • • Exec relevance
Page 02

Buying-Group Role Definitions

The Role Each Person Plays

Role Responsibility Influence Type Can Block By...
Problem Owner Defines operating problem; determines if solution meets need. High operational Treating the issue as a low-priority analytical problem.
Champion Advocates internally; helps navigate the org. High informal Lacking credibility or access to other stakeholders.
Economic Buyer Approves investment; evaluates business case. High formal Rejecting the expected return, timing, or risk.
Executive Sponsor Provides org authority; links to enterprise priorities. High strategic Withholding attention or strategic endorsement.
Technical Eval. Confirms integration, governance, and security. High approval Raising late-stage architecture or security concerns.
Operational Eval. Evaluates workflow fit and practical usability. High implementation Identifying unacceptable burden or process conflict.
Procurement & Risk Controls commercial, legal, and compliance approval. Formal gatekeeping Delaying or rejecting contract/policy terms.
User/Implementer Determines if solution can be adopted daily. Practical/Adoption Rejecting the process as complex or impractical.
Rule: A person may perform more than one buying role, and the same buying role may be shared by several people.
Page 03

Role-to-Title Mapping

How to Find the Buying Group

Problem Owner (Facilities/Energy) (High Confidence)

Exec: VP of Facilities, VP of Energy. Dir/Mgr: Director of Facilities, Dir. of Energy Mgt.

Champion (Facilities/Transformation) (Mod Confidence)

Dir/Mgr: Dir. of Facilities Analytics, Energy Program Dir., Portfolio Performance Mgr.

Economic Buyer (Finance) (Mod Confidence)

Exec: CFO, SVP Finance. Dir/Mgr: Finance Dir., Capital Planning Dir.

Executive Sponsor (Operations) (Mod Confidence)

Exec: COO, EVP Operations. Dir/Mgr: Sr. Dir. of Ops Transformation.

Technical Evaluator (IT/Data) (High Confidence)

Exec: CIO, CTO. Dir/Mgr: Enterprise Architecture Dir., Data Platform Dir.

Rule: Titles are discovery signals, not definitive role assignments. Role validation requires account context and conversation.
Page 04

Problem Owner & Champion Profiles

The Roles That Create Momentum

Problem Owner

Priorities: Focus limited resources, reduce avoidable cost, improve action visibility, demonstrate operational results.

Key Questions: How will AeroGrid identify the issues that matter most? How much additional work will this create?

Objections: We already have dashboards; the team lacks capacity; our locations are too different to compare.

Required Proof: Prioritization workflow, comparable-location methodology.

Engagement: Operational discovery & workflow demo.

Champion

Priorities: Build a credible internal case, solve a visible problem, gain recognition, reduce manual analysis.

Key Questions: Can I explain this internally? Will it create an early result? Which stakeholders must be involved?

Objections: I may lack authority; finance may reject the case; IT may see this as just another integration.

Required Proof: Business-case template, pilot structure.

Engagement: Collaborative discovery & stakeholder coaching.

Page 05

Economic & Executive Profiles

The Roles That Authorize Change

Economic Buyer

Priorities: Validate the economic case, understand timing/payback, separate estimates from results.

Key Questions: What is the expected financial impact? How is it estimated? How will it be verified?

Objections: Savings case is uncertain; we already fund other efficiency programs.

Required Proof: Financial methodology, before-and-after verification model, customer outcome.

Engagement: Concise executive case & measurable next steps.

Executive Sponsor

Priorities: Improve performance, reduce hidden leakage, create accountability, scale without local burden.

Key Questions: Why does this matter at the enterprise level? Which teams must align? What changes operationally?

Objections: Issue may be too narrow; initiative may compete with larger priorities.

Required Proof: Enterprise outcome, cross-functional operating model, portfolio evidence.

Engagement: Strategic narrative & operating model alignment.

Page 06 & 07

Evaluators, Gatekeepers & Users

Feasibility, Risk, and Adoption

Technical Evaluator (IT/Data)

Priorities: Architecture fit, data access, security, supportability.

Objection: Integration effort is too high; security requirements unclear.

Operational Evaluator (Regional Ops)

Priorities: Workflow practicality, local burden, completion.

Objection: Creates additional process; local teams won't adopt.

Procurement & Risk

Priorities: Data protection, compliance, commercial terms.

Objection: Terms inconsistent with policy; vendor risk.

User & Implementer

Priorities: Ease of use, clear tasks, reliable support.

Objection: Takes too much time; recommendations impractical.

Page 08

Influence and Decision Patterns

How the Buying Group Shapes the Outcome

Role Formal Auth. Informal Influence Decision Stage
Problem Owner Medium High Problem recognition & evaluation
Champion Low to Med High Mobilization & internal coordination
Economic Buyer High High Financial approval
Executive Sponsor High High Strategic alignment & conflict resolution
Tech Evaluator Med to High Medium Technical & risk approval
Common Decision Patterns
Facilities-Led: Facilities owns problem/champions; finance validates.
Operations-Sponsored: Ops frames as margin performance; facilities evaluates.
Finance-Driven: Finance initiates cost reduction; facilities validates.
Transformation-Led: Modernization creates urgency; IT/Ops/Finance involved early.
Page 09 & 10

Information Needs & Engagement Sequence

What They Need and When They Need It

Problem Owner

Q: Will this help us act on the right issues?

Proof: Workflow & comparable-location example.

Asset: Portfolio prioritization brief.

Economic Buyer

Q: Is the value credible and worth it?

Proof: Financial methodology & verified outcome.

Asset: Executive business case.

Recommended Flow
1. Validate Problem: Engage Owner & Champion to confirm urgency.
2. Build Internal Case: Help Champion map the network & proof needs.
3. Establish Exec Relevance: Bring Economic Buyer & Sponsor into alignment.
4. Validate Feasibility: Engage Tech, Ops, and Implementers.
5. Resolve Risk: Clear Procurement, Security, and Legal gates.
6. Confirm Commitment: Finalize mutual action plan with all core leaders.
Page 11 & 12

Coverage Model & Progression Rules

How to Measure Relationship Depth

Level 1: Single-Threaded (Discovery Stage)

One confirmed problem owner/champion. Broader network unknown. Hold in Discovery.

Level 2: Operational Coverage (Qualified Stage)

Problem owner, champion, and ops evaluator engaged. Needs economic/tech validation to move to Evaluation.

Level 3: Decision Coverage (Evaluation/Business Case)

Ops, economic, exec, and tech roles identified/engaged. Required for Approval stage.

Level 4: Mobilized Buying Group (Commit Stage)

Major decision roles engaged, aligned, and connected to shared outcome/mutual plan.

Progression Rule: Opportunity stages should reflect buying-group evidence rather than seller activity alone.
Page 13

Example Account Buying Group

Applying the Framework to NorthStar Retail

Stakeholder Map: Qualified Stage
Jordan Lee (VP Facilities)
Problem Owner | Engaged / Supportive
Maya Patel (Dir. Facilities Analytics)
Champion | Highly Engaged / Advocate
Evan Brooks (VP Finance)
Economic Buyer | Identified / Not Engaged
Riley Chen (Enterprise Architect)
Technical Evaluator | Meeting Scheduled
Sam Ortega (Regional Facilities)
Operational Evaluator | Engaged / Cautious
Taylor Morgan (COO)
Executive Sponsor | Not Mapped
Coverage Gaps
  • • Economic buyer not engaged
  • • Executive sponsor not confirmed
  • • Technical validation incomplete
Recommended Actions
  • • Equip champion with finance-ready case.
  • • Request intro to finance owner.
  • • Do NOT advance stage until relevance is validated.
Page 14-16

CRM, Measurement & Governance

Operationalizing the Buying Group

Required CRM Data Fields
  • Buying Role: Multi-select picklist on Account-Contact relationship.
  • Role Confidence: Verified, Probable, Inferred.
  • Support Level: Advocate, Supportive, Neutral, Cautious, Opposed.
  • Coverage Level: Calculated field (L0 to L4).
Measurement Metrics
  • • Single-threaded opportunity rate.
  • • Time to multi-threading.
  • • Win rate by buying-group depth.
  • • Critical role gaps by stage.
Governance Rules

1. Titles suggest a role, but conversation validates it.

2. Role confidence must be stored separately from the role itself.

3. Support and influence must be continuously reviewed.

Note: AeroGrid Systems and all associated roles, priorities, objections, and coverage rules are fictional. This sample demonstrates the structure of a Fairway engagement.

How Teams Use the Buying-Group Framework

The model becomes the shared foundation for account research, ABM, outbound, sales qualification, opportunity management, content, and customer handoff.

Product Marketing

Define role-specific priorities, messages, proof, objections, and content requirements.

Demand Generation

Build buying-role audiences and coordinate multi-stakeholder ABM engagement.

Sales Development

Identify likely problem owners, champions, and additional roles before outreach.

Account Executives

Map influence, expand coverage, manage objections, and advance opportunities.

Revenue Operations

Implement role fields, relationship data, coverage calculations, and qualification gates.

Customer Success

Ensure implementers and users are involved before the buying process ends.

Buying-Group Framework Review Checklist

Is the buying group mapped well enough to support the decision?

Does the framework define roles independently from job titles?
Are financial, technical, and implementation owners represented?
Are formal authority and informal influence distinguished?
Does each role have defined questions, objections, and proof needs?
Is there a recommended stakeholder-engagement sequence?
Are minimum coverage requirements connected to opportunity stages?
Can the model identify single-threaded opportunity risk?
Are buying roles stored as account-specific relationships in CRM?